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CLEVELAND 

IN THE WAR. 



cA review of work 
accoTnplished by the 

'Mayors Advisory War 
CoTTiTnittee and work 
proposed during the 

great period of 
reconstruction 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 

DEC 1 4 1925 

DOCUMENTS Drv,^,o.v 



.©3 






MYRON T. HERRICK, Chairman HARRY L. VAIL, Executive Secretary 

F. H. GOFF. Treasurer 

CITY OF CLEVELAND 

MAYOR'S ADVISORY WAR COMMITTEE 

HON. HARRY L. DAVIS, Mayor 
Main C950 226 CITY HALL Central 1 



E. H. BAKEK 

K. BERNREITER 
BEN P. BOLE 
MRS. E. S. BURKE 
EDWARD BUSHNELL 
FRED H. CALEY 
CHAS. W. CHESNUTT 
DR. GEO. W. CRILE 
V. CAMPANELLA 
PERRY J. DARLING 
THEO. M. DLUZYNSKI 

F. PHILIP DORN 
BISHOP JNO. P. FARRELLY 
M. F. FISHER 

CHAS. L. GEBAUER 
E. R. GRASSELLI 
EDW. S. GRIFFITHS 
S. M. GROSS 



J. KAYGANOVITCH GROSS 
DR. C. A. HAMANN 
FRANK S. HARMON 
SALEM A. HART 
SAMUEL H. HOLDING 
PAUL HOWLAND 
DR. H. C. KENYON 
SHERMAN C. KINGSLEY 
A. C. KLUMPH „^ „- 

theoUOr* KUNfiT^ .; 

W. ^.TEECg^.^^ 
AUGUST F. LEOPOLD 
ROBEfS^*! Lp^WIS'e °* 
*H. P. l&cINTOSH, Jr. 
AMAS^. STOi^B, 14A'#HER 
W. G. MATHER 
REV. A. B. MELDRUM 
A. L. MARESH 



MISS GEORGIA L. NORTON 

MRS. D. Z. NORTON 

W. P. PALMER 

JOHN PANKUCH 

MRS. EDNA B. PERKINS 

LOUIS J. PIRC 

W. J. RADDATZ 

ALEX RUSYNYK 

GEO. A. SCHNEIDER 

MISS BELLE SHERWIN 

CAPT. H. P. SHUPE 

AIAARD SMITH 

F. »W. STEFFEN 

MRS. C. B. TOZIER 

HAJIRY L. VAIL 

JAMES P. WALSH 

RABBI LOUIS WOLSEY 

W. C. WREN 



EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 



HON. HARRY L. DAVIS 
CHAS. A. OTIS 

CHAS. E. ADAMS 
PAUL L. FEISS 



M. P. MOONEY 

WARREN S. HAYDEN 
COL. OTTO MILLER 



F. H. GOFF 

F. W. TREADWAY 

RICHARD F. GRANT 



W. A. GREENLUND 
HON. MYRON T. HERRICK 



ANDREW SQUIRE 




1. MAYOR HARRY L.DAVIS 

2. HON. MYRON T. HERRICK 

3. HARRY L. VAIL 

4. F. H. GOFF 

5. F. W. TREADWAY 



RICHARD F. GRANT 
M. P. MOONEY 
PAUL L. FEISS 
COL. Ori'O MILLER 



10. W. A, GREENLUND 

11. WARREN S. HAYDEN 

12. CHARLES E. ADAMS 

13. ANDREW SQUIRE 

14. CHARLES A. OTIS 



C LEV E LA N D'S WAR ACTIVITIES 

Cleveland's 

War 

Activities 




Bombing Plane 



T 



HE Advisory War Committee, organized at the call of Mayor 
Harry L. Davis immediately upon America's declaration of 
war, has been the main clearing house for every patriotic 
activity in Cleveland for twenty months. 



This committee has watched over the welfare of Cleveland's 
lighting men from the first, has facilitated the operation of the 
selective service act, and lessened the inconveniences of the 
transition from peace to war. It has assumed the burden of 
food administration for Cleveland and Cuyahoga county, has 
maintained the city's existing social agencies, which were threat- 
ened with disaster in war time, and has conducted the only 
comprehensive housing survey in Cleveland's history. 

It has conducted work along Americanization lines on a scale 
altogether unprecedented, has developed war garden activities 
in Cleveland to a point undreamed of heretofore. Its salaried 
organization of one hundred and forty employees and ten thou- 
sand volunteer workers reached every activity, organization and 
liome in Cleveland, and, by its ready gift of funds, has sustained 
a score of welfare movements which might otherwise have failed. 

But the Advisory War committee's greatest service has been 
one of compelling co-operation. By virtue of its position and of 
the character of its membership, it has been able to draw together 
in work for Cleveland the best brains in Cleveland, and to bring 
the various civic organizations of the municipality to work to- 
gether to make Cleveland a community in the best sense. 

"We have tried to make Cleveland worth fighting for — to 
show Cleveland soldiers, and the families of Cleveland soldiers, 
that their sacrifices and their sufferings have not been in vain. 
This has been the function of the Advisory War committee. I 
am sure that it has discharged this function, and should be 
credited with this success." 



C LEVELAN D'S WAR ACTIVITIES 

Mayor Davis thus set forth the purpose, and the accomplish- 
ment of the organization. Hostilities overseas have ceased, but 
the work of the war board continues, and already its members 
are planning for that re-adjustment and reconstruction which 
must occupy the minds and command the efforts of the city for 
many months to come. 





Ohio Guardsmen, June, 1917 



C LEVE LAN D'S WAR ACTIVITIES 



Care for 
Soldiers 




FIRST of the activities of the Mayor's 
Advisory War committee, and by 
far the most important concerned 
itself with the welfare of Cleveland's 
fighting men. Immediately upon the 
mobilization of troops in Cleveland, the 
war committee was confronted with the 
problem of caring for them adequately. Through the 
medium of its military affairs committee, 
it accomplished much for the comfort 
of the guardsmen first called to arms. 
In June, 1917, when mobilization of 
the Ohio National Guard was or- 
dered, no arrangements had been 
made for their accommodation. The city threw open its parks, 
and established three camps in as many sections. The Mayor's 
committee, at its own expense, installed the requisite sewer, 
water, and light connections, together with many other features 
for the health and comfort of officers and men. 

Blankets were lacking for the men in the armory and camps 
in the city, and the Mayor's Advisory War Committee purchased 
three thousand of them. Receiving information that the Cleve- 
land soldiers at Camp Sherman were in tents and suffering from 
the cold at night, it purchased 2,700 suits of warm flannelette 
pajamas for the soldiers and sent them to Camp Sherman. It 
supplied box lunches for men en route to Camp Sheridan, Ala., 
and it did likewise when, months later, selective service men 
were ordered to Camp Sherman, O. 

The Mayor's Advisory War committee financed and directed 
advertising and publicity campaigns for enlistments, and took 
similar action in order that the registration and classification of 
men drawn under the selective service act might be facilitated. 
It established a central draft board to assist not only prospective 
soldiers but their parents, wives or children. 

For this work alone ^500 was 
set aside monthly. In addition 
the war committee underwrote 
the salaries of the clerks in 
the provost general's office, who 
had charge of draft activities 
here. 




C LEV E LAN D'S WAR ACTIVITIES 

The War Committee sent a special committee to twenty 
training camps and cantonments throughout the United States 
where Cleveland boys were being trained, to investigate the char- 
acter of the food furnished the soldiers and their equipment, 
sanitary conditions in camps and hospital facilities; everything 
appertaining to the health and comfort of the troops was inves- 
tigated and it was by calling the attention of the War Depart- 
ment to the report of this committee as to conditions in some of 
these camps and cantonments that Federal investigation and 
immediate Governmental action and relief was obtained. 

The committee has watched over the interests of the drafted 
men from the first. Its voluntary speakers have given advice 
on registration. Thirty school buildings were established as 
centers where voluntary agents aided in the filling out of ques- 
tionnaires. It furnished forty-five men of military experience 
but disqualified for active service to drill drafted men before 
their departure for training camps. The value of this service 
becomes apparent when one considers that, of Cleveland men 
who drilled in this way in the city parks, more than 85 per cent 
were made non-commissioned officers immediately upon their 
arrival at the training camps. 

The city's roll of honor has grown rapidly in the last few 
months. There have been deaths from accident or disease among 
the drafted men in the cantonments. The list of those who gave 
their lives in battle overseas grows longer every day. To these 
men the Mayor's Advisory War committee has paid fitting 
tribute. 

It has honored Cleveland's heroes of three wars on Memorial 
Day, has accorded military funeral to all soldiers who died in 
training camps, sending out military escort and buglers to pay 
the last honors. It has sent, also, to every sorrowing family its 
wreath and card of condolence. It is holding, at stated intervals, 
impressive memorial services for its dead. 

The Mayor's Advisory War committee has been the great 



CLEVELAND'S WAR ACTIVITIES 

agency to meet all emergencies arising from the war. In the 
Liberty Loan, Red Cross, War Service, Y. M. C. A. and War Chest 
campaigns, the committee placed all its resources under the 
direction of the committees carrying on these campaigns. It has 
rendered notable assistance to the civijian relief department of 
the American Red Cross, and has accomplished much through its 
own organization. It has taken up with Washington direct in- 
numerable cases of soldiers' dependents in need, has aided in 
the adjustment of war risk insurance matters, and has aided 
financially in the providing of suitable dormitory accommoda- 
tions for the relatives of soldiers at Camp Sherman. Appro- 
priation for this reached $30,000. 

The committee is also keeping accurate record, through the 
War Service Record, of the military history of every Clevelander 
— whether regular guardsman or selective service man, marine 
or seaman — including the names of his father, mother or other 
next of kin. Such record, of course, will prove of increasing 
value in passing years and will always be available for the 
soldiers, their relatives and friends. 

The Mayor's Advisory War committee has undertaken to 
make Cleveland's fighting men know that Cleveland backs them 
to the limit and that, if it be possible, neither they nor their 
dependents shall have cause to regret their sacrifice. It seeks 
to lighten the burdens which war has laid upon the community, 
and to arouse the community to a sense of the responsibilities 
which war has laid upon it. 

The Mayor's War Committee would bring home to every 
soldier, to every member of a soldier's family, and to every man, 
woman and child of every class and condition in the community, 
that "their city" is deeply grateful for their unfaltering devotion 
to the cause of the nation. 



C LEV E LA N D'S WAR ACTIVITIES 



War 

Gardens 



T 



HE increased production of food 
was absolutely necessary to the 
winning of the war. The War 
Garden Committee of the Mayor's Advis- 
ory War Committee began a city wide 
campaign to impress this fact upon the 
people of this community. The city was 
divided into 37 food zones and every effort was made by the 
supervisors of these zones to have every square foot of avail- 
able soil cultivated. Tractors, traction operated disks, drag plows 
and harrows were purchased and were furnished free of charge 
to those desiring to establish war gardens. 

The services of farm experts were provided gratis to the 
war gardeners in order that every possible precaution might be 
taken to insure a maximum yield from the cultivated acreage. 

The results from these efforts were gratifying beyond ex- 
pectations. Available figures show that Cleveland gardeners 
during the season of 1918 alone grew enough fresh vegetables to 
supply the whole army of the United States at its maximum 
strength — for a period of ten weeks. When it is remembered 
that the fate of the Allies in large measure depended upon the 




Model War Garden ii. llaymarket District 



CLEVELAND'S WAR ACTIVITIES 

ability of America to furnish food stuffs, the value of Cleveland's 
contribution in this respect can be more readily understood. To 
attain this end, war gardening activities in the city were fostered 
by publication and distribution of thirty-eight thousand agri- 
cultural bulletins and twenty thousand instructive booklets on 



gardening and 
fifteen thousand 
series of meetings 
war board at which 
the gardeners i n 
methods of cultiva 
character of crops 
best yields under 
Over 48,500 
themselves in these 
9,000 visits were 
mittee's experts to 
and vacant lot 
bined area of which 




'Hard to Beet' 



plant pests. Over 
people attended a 
arranged by the 
its experts coached 
the most approved 
tion, such as the 
that would give the 
certain conditions, 
people interested 
home gardens and 
made by the com- 
these "back yard 
farms," the com- 
was 4,190 acres. 



During 1917 and 1918, $719,000 worth of food products were thus 
raised in Cleveland in these gardens. Some of these were so- 
called "community gardens"; that is, they were cultivated by 
groups of people bound together through churches, stores or 
factories. 




•^■." 





^ 



Backing Up the Boys in the Trenches 



C LEV E L A N D'S WAR ACTIVITIES 



P] 
„....„.^ 1 

Festivals 



IROBABLY no activity undertaken 
by the niaj^or's committee met with 
more pronounced success than a 
series of public exercises it staged under 
the direction of the department of parks 
and pubUc property, aided by school authorities. These events 
were intended primarily as a means of stimulating interest in the 
nation's cause. They proved equally valuable in emphasizing 
the city's remarkable community spirit. 

The first of these events took place the night of June 14, 
1918 (Flag Day), in Wade Park. It was an affair "unparalleled 
in the city's history," as expressed in the Cleveland Plain Dealer 
the next day. It marked the debut of Cleveland's Liberty Chorus 
of over 2,000 voices, the mightiest chorus ever heard here. Its 
appearance was coupled with that of fifteen hundred more men, 
women and children — performers in a pageant, entitled "Free- 
dom for All Forever." The audience numbered 200,000 people. 

The last of these affairs in 1918 took the form of an informal 
dedication of Liberty Row, with presentation of a pageant, "The 
Supreme Sacrifice," This was in furtherance of the plan of 
Mayor Davis to make one of the main park boulevards a me- 
morial thoroughfare, as a tribute by the city to her sons who 
gave their lives for the nation. North Park boulevard running 
from University Circle up through Shaker Lakes park was chosen 
and its name changed to Liberty Row. There, a "Victory Oak" 
will be planted in honor of each of the men who died in the 
service, each tree to bear a bronze tablet with the name and 
record of the man whom it honors. 




Community Chorus 



C LEV E LAN D' S WAR ACTIVITIES 



Women's 
Activities 



C"^ LEVELAND women have not been 
^ laggard in war work. Working 
under the supervision of the Ma}'^- 
or's Advisory War committee, a sub- 
committee consisting of the heads of all 
the women's organizations of the city — 
fraternal, religious, patriotic, philan- 
thropic — has directed an effective campaign to stimulate war 
activity in Cleveland, and has gone far toward lessening the 
burdens laid upon the community by war conditions. 

This women's committee in its turn organized sub-com- 
mittees on Food Production, Food Conservation, Child Welfare, 
Care of Infants, Women and Children in Industry, Nursing, 
Public Health. It encouraged, with the financial assistance 
of the mayor's committee, the enlisting and training of nurses 
and, further, maintained four social agencies in as many 




Red Cross Parade 



quarters of the citj^ in order to make more definite and effective 
appeal to elements of foreign birth or immediate foreign ex- 
traction. 

These centers have been headquarters not only for children 
but for parents. Entertainments have been given with lectures 
on food conservation, thrift, care of the home and patriotism, 
and no less than 35,000 people have attended. They have served 
to develop community spirit, and to assist the moral and spiritual 
forces of the city. They have eased the burden of the woman 



C LEV E LAN D'S WAR ACTIVITIES 



in the home, and of the woman in industry, and have given both 
a better understanding of duty and of privilege. 

The women's committee has organized motor service (volun- 
teer) to serve war interests throughout Cleveland. It has fur- 
nished patriotic speakers to the Four Minute Men's organization 
and to the Home Group, has had a hand in training typists for 
government work and pupil nurses for public health protection. 
The nursing section of the women's committee, indeed, has 
served as a model for the nation. Its chairman, Mrs. Alfred 
Brewster, is chairman of the national committee which supplied 
the secretary of war with the plan for army nurse schools. 

This Committee, at the request of the National Council 
of Defense, engaged in community nursing, endeavoring to 
reduce the amount of unnecessary nursing by trained nurses 
without affecting unfavorably the interests of the public. 

The Mayor's Advisory War committee, in addition to financing 
this work, has provided a scholarship fund 

for pupil nurses, adequate to meet the 
cost of educating twenty-five young 
women, and has arranged for 
courses of instruction in nursing 

at Western Reserve university. 

The work of the women's 
committee, like that of the Ameri- 
canization committee, is of truly 
permanent value, and it is recog- 
nized nationally as such. It re- 
flects much credit upon Cleveland 
and Cleveland's patriotic women. 

The Hardest Part of All 




C LEV E LAN D'S WAR ACTIVITIES 



W 



AR has roused 
, • . • - • America to a reali- 

Americanization zation of its duty to 

itself and to the strangers 
within its gates. The Ameri- 
canization sub-committee, 
working with the funds and 
under the direction of the Mayor's Advisory War committee, lias 
undertaken educational work along this line on a scale unpre- 
cedented in Cleveland, and it has achieved remarkable results. 

This committee, in eighteen months past, has organized 
classes in English and in citizenship in twenty-six factories, 
libraries, thirteen foreign churches, three foreign halls, two hos- 
pitals and a neighborhood house. It has provided several 
"hurry-up" classes for men of alien speech who needed acquaint- 
ance with the English tongue before their departure for training 
camps, and naturalization classes for both men and women in 
many quarters of the city. 

With the discontinuance by the Board of Education of their 
courses on citizenship, the entire responsibility for this work was 
assumed by the Americanization committee. As a result, it has 
increased the number of citizenship classes from four a year ago, 
to thirty-two with an attendance of over 1,000 prospective citi- 




A Typical Class in Americanization 



CLEVELAND'S WAR ACTIVITIES 

zens. These are all continuing classes and the men attend till 
they are ready for naturalization. The Ainericanization com- 
mittee also conducted all special classes in private institutions 
which the Board of Education did not feel authorized to finance. 
Most of the English and citizenship classes are composed of 
both men and women which seems the natural and satisfactory 
way. The following races were represented : 



Armenian 


Hungarian 


Rumanian 


Austrian 


Italian 


Russian 


Boliemian 


Jewisli 


Ruthenian 


Croatian 


Lithuanian 


Serbian 


Danisti 


Moravian 


Slovak 


Dutch 


Negro 


Slovenian 


t^innisli 


Norwegian 


Spanish 


German 


Polish 


Swedish 


Greek 


Portuguese 


Syrian 




Old and Young in this English Class 

Many of the foreign born, handicapped by not knowing Eng- 
lish and without any knowledge of our customs, were bewildered 
by the technicalities of the many war measures. To assist them 
by interpreting these measures in their own language an Ameri- 
canization War Information Bureau was established at the Old 
Court House with a sub-bureau at the Central Draft Board in the 
Armory. 

The most important services rendered from July 1917 to 
April 1919 were as follows: 

Draft Information 11,442 

Questionnaires 23,422 

Exemption Claims and Affidavits 22,136 

First Paper Applications 3,989 

Referred to Public and Social Agencies 7,185 



C LEV E LAN D'S WAR ACTIVITIES 

The Americanization committee, in conformity with the re- 
quest of President Wilson, developed Cleveland's first "Loyalty 
Parade," in which more than 75,000 men, women and children 
marched to show their devotion to the country of their adoption, 
and thus gave Americans of native stock a chance to learn some- 
thing of their neighbors and of their duty toward them. 

It conducted a school essay contest on "Why My Parents 
Came to America," in which 1926 essays were submitted; and it 
has encouraged children to interest their parents in their oppor- 
tunities and their responsibilities here. 

To give the native-born a sympathetic understanding of the 
backgrounds of the foreign-born, their political inspirations and 
social gifts ready for this country to make use of, the Americani- 
zation committee is making a survey of the races represented in 
Cleveland. The result of this survey has fully justified the ex- 
periment. In connection with it, a series of pamphlets has been 
prepared on the various nationalities in the city. The first three 
to be published were "The Slovaks of Cleveland," "The Jugo- 
slavs of Cleveland," and "The Magyars of Cleveland." They 
have been a source of easy information for the native American 
and at the same time show our appreciation of what the people 
of these nationalities have contributed to Cleveland. Pamphlets 
on the Italians and Poles will be ready soon. 

Along with this survey, sub-committees of leading repre- 
sentatives of the various nationalities are being organized to take 
the work of the Americanization Committee into the sections of 
the city where the foreign-born predominate. 

The work of the Americanization committee is not to be 
judged by years of war alone. It is building for the future, and 
its service is of permanent and increasing value. It is introduc- 
ing Cleveland to itself, and helping to make the municipality a 
community in the best sense of that expressive word. 



CLEVELAND'S WAR ACTIVITIES 



War 

Welcome 




Lt. F. E. Welch in Speed Scout 



ONE of the most interesting of the duties of the Mayor's 
Advisory War committee has been the proper entertain- 
ment of war-time visitors to Cleveland. The committee 
has arranged for and has financed such entertainment, has sup- 
plied suitable escorts upon occasion, and, by its activities along 
this line, has won for Cleveland recognition as a center for war 
work and a communitj^ with the best of war spirit. 

This committee entertained the Serbian war mission, when 
that body of diplomats and soldiers inspected munition plants 
throughout the country and made plain to the American people 
Serbia's appreciation not only of military aid but of generous 
contributions to war relief measures which have eased the 
martyrdom of the Serb nation. It has also cared for the French 
Alpine chasseurs (Blue Devils) who toured the country last 
spring, for British and Canadian soldiers, for two groups of 
aviators, here in the interest of varied propaganda, and for the 
war-scarred veterans of the French Foreign Legion. 

The Blue Devils, and the Legionaries also, were accorded 
welcomes unsurpassed in other cities of the country, while the 




The Famous French "Blue Devils" Visit Cleveland 



CLEVELAND'S WAR ACTIVITIES 

patriotic and inspirational value of their visits to Cleveland can 
hardly be computed. Everyone of both detachments had been 
wounded repeatedly, and repeatedly decorated for bravery in 
the field. Everyone looked and acted the hero that he was. 

Their drills and parades, their visits to various manufactur- 
ing plants were occasions for an outpouring of citizens in every 
instance. Their speech-making, although usually hampered by 
the necessity for interpreters, did much to arouse the city, and 
they confessed, after their departure, that nowhere in America 





■W/lN^ 



A Few of Italy's Veterans 



had they been so well received, that nowhere had they been so 
impressed with the patriotic spirit of a community. 

The committee also entertained the squadron of British and 
American airmen who made the rounds of Middle Western cities 
in August. This tour was regarded by the Committee on Public 
Information, Washington, D. C, as of special educational value, 
since it made apparent to the public the comparatively slight 
risks of flying in these days, and did much to stimulate airplane 
production, in which many Cleveland plants are engaged. The 
committee made all arrangements and footed all bills in this, as 
in other instances. 

The Mayor's Advisory War committee also received, at a 
recent meeting, David Blumenthal, mayor of Colmar in Alsace. 



C LEV E LA N D*S WAR ACTIVITIES 

On two occasions when Italian military units visited Cleve- 
land, these soldiers were the guests of the Mayor's war commit- 
tee. They included contingents of Alpini and Bersaglieri that 
toured the country in aid of Liberty Loan campaigns. 

However, by far the most joyful war welcome demonstra- 
tions planned by the Mayor's committee were those in honor of 
the homecoming of Cleveland's own troops. As each unit came 
back from overseas, they were welcomed. But a big general 
homecoming celebration for all the 45,000 Cleveland men who 
served in the war was reserved for June 14, 1919 (Flag Day). 
Practically all of these events, particularly parades held in con- 
nection with them, were directed by Capt. H. P. Shupe, chairman 
of the board's military committee. 




THE VICTORS RETURN 
Old "Fighting Fifth" Marching from Union Depot 



CLEVELAND'S WAR ACTIVITIES 



Housing 



THE Mayor's Advisory War com- 
mittee has made possible the first 
thorough survey of Cleveland 
housing conditions. 

The War committee voted the sum 
of -$5,500 to make this survey, through 
the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce. 

Surveyors, volunteer and otherwise, canvassed Cleveland 
and Greater Cleveland, listing available houses, apartments and 
rooms, collecting data upon rents and prices for board. They 
visited every house, suite or room offered for rental, determined 
family and other conditions which might prove of interest to 
the prospective renter, and prepared a comprehensive report. 

This report has been the basis for the establishment of a 
new bureau of the Homes Registration Service, for which the city 
administration has provided quarters in City Hall. This bureau, 
undertakes to bring the war worker in touch with the individual 
who has rooms to rent, and to facilitate their agreement. 

War workers who applied at the State-City Free Employ- 
ment agency in City Hall were directed to the Homes Registra- 
tion Service bureau, and, as they made known their wants and 
preferences, were directed to rooms in the locations they desired, 
with families of their race or faith, the prices of which accorded 
with their desires. This bureau, which has been in active opera- 
tion since mid-October, has already proved its worth to the com- 
munity. R is to be expected that the coming of peace will bring 
but little change. 

R is to the interest of any community that its workers should 
find lodgings, and its landlords renters with a minimum of diffi- 
culty. This new work, made possible by the appropriations of 
the Mayor's Advisory War committee, is deserving of perma- 
nence. Rs value to the city is likely to increase, rather than de- 
crease, in the period of re-adjustment which must follow the 
advent of peace. 



CLEVELAND'S WAR ACTIVITIES 



^T^ HE Mayor's Advisory War com- 
A-CriRl JL mittee has made possible the es- 

tablishment of aerial mail service 
JYXg^lJ^ for Cleveland. The government was 

willing to make the city a main point on 
the New York-Chicago route, but the 
city lacked the funds with which to pre- 
pare a suitable landing space, and the war committee assumed 
that burden. By its grant of money it has made possible the 
institution of this seiwice, and the recognition by the government 
of Cleveland's industrial importance. 




Arrival of Mail Plane 



CLEVELAND'S WAR ACTIVITIES 



A 



T the request of the Federal Food 
Administration, the Mayor's Ad- 
17 J visory War committee financed 

r OOQ the local Food Board. Dr. R. H. Bishop, 

Jr., former Health Commissioner for 
Cleveland and now a member of the 
Medical Mission to Ital3% supervised this 
work. A city and county wide organization was perfected con- 
sisting of supervisors and inspectors who kept in constant touch 
with every retail and wholesale dealer, all commission houses, 
and every grocery and bakery in the City. 

It had complete charge of the food situation in Cleveland. 
Every barrel of flour and every pound of sugar, together with all 
dry groceries brought to the City, was disbursed under the author- 
ity and direction of the Food Administration. It supervised the 
sale of all meats, fruits, and vegetables, and established and sta- 
bilized prices in all food products. It had governmental author- 
ity to move freight, prevent hoarding, and to impose fines upon 
anyone not observing its mandates. 

Twenty thousand ($20,000) dollars was given to the Food 
Administration to carry on food campaigns and $2,000 a month 
appropriated for office help and inspectors. 

In conjunction with the Woman's sub committee of the War 
Committee, the city was divided into zones. Meetings were held 
nightly in different sections of the city where the women of the 
neighborhood were given expert advice not only on the question 
of the conservation of food, but also on food preparation, food 
substitutes, canning, drying, and the elimination of waste. 

The Food Administration fixed the price of staple foods and 
vegetables, a most essential service to the consumer. It inspected 
every grocery store, every bakery, every hotel and restaurant, 
wholesale grocery houses, drug stores and commission houses. It 
investigated the hoarding by private individuals. All fines for 
violation of its regulations were collected and paid in to the Red 
Cross. The amount paid to the Red Cross was $12,000. 

In the fourteen months the Administration was in existence, 
it is estimated that through its efforts in keeping down prices, 
there was a saving to the people of this community of between 
10 to 12 millions of dollars. One-third of the normal flour 
consumption of 1000 barrels a week was saved through the 



CLEVELAND'S WAR ACTIVITIES 

patriotic appeal of this Committee to the citizens of Cleveland. 
It is estimated that 1,500,000 pounds of sugar a month were avail- 
able to the soldiers overseas by the saving of the citizens of the 
city. 

Schedules of prices were published in the papers and dis- 
tributed among the consumers so that the market might be 
stabilized, and the patriotic spirit of the citizens of Cleveland 
in complying with the rules and regulations of the Food Ad- 
ministration and the great saving made through their efforts, 
was one of the most remarkable instances of the war. 



CLEVELAND'S WAR ACTIVITIES 



Other 
Activities 



R 



EALIZING the importance of con- 
tributing in every way possible to 
the care and the saving of babies, 
the Mayor's Advisory War committee 
set aside twenty-five thousand dollars 
(.$25,000.00) to be used for that purpose. 
Ten thousand dollars ($10,000.00) was 
given through the Welfare Federation to furnish milk, free, to 
those families that were financially unable to procure it. Fif- 
teen thousand dollars ($15,000.00) was devoted for a campaign 
for the saving of babies. Mr. and Mrs. Alvah Chisholm donated 
to the Board a fully equipped Dispensary Automobile. This 
Dispensary was sent into every district of the city carrying wdth 
it nurses and physicians who gave advice, medical care and 
assistance to the babies and their mothers. The work was ex- 
ceedingly important and met the co-operation of the mothers 
living in the respective districts. The efficiency of the work is 
best show^n by the fact that in the hot summer months of July 
and August, 1918, the mortality among babies was forty per 
cent (40%) lower than ever before in the history of the city. 
Requests were made by the authorities at Elyria, Lorain, Paines- 




Part of Selective Service Parade 



C LEV E LA N D'S WAR ACTIVITIES 

ville and other places outside of the city to have this Auto 
Dispensary visit their localities, that they might give to their 
own people the benefit of this excellent service. In every in- 
stance these requests were granted. Physicians were also pro- 
vided by the Board in this connection to give pre-natal advice to 
mothers in different parts of the city. This service was also very 
much appreciated by the mothers throughout the city. 



J* J tj- 



J«* 





Good Bye 

The Mayor's War Board financed the American Protective 
League, an essential part of the Department of Justice, in which 
sixteen hundred business and professional men reported at all 
hours of the day and night and investigated the cases of desert- 
ers, slackers, food profiteers, food hoarders, etc. In twenty 
months there were forty thousand of these cases brought before 
the Protective League, of which thirty-three thousand were 
slackers, four thousand five hundred pro-German, sixteen hun- 
dred twenty-two I. W. W.'s and Socialists, and during that period 
eight hundred seventy-five wireless stations were investigated. 
The Department of Justice has repeatedly complimented the 
League for its efhcient and patriotic services. 



CLEVELAND'S WAR ACTIVITIES 



The War Committee, realizing the very, dangerous spread 
of social diseases in the City of Cleveland by the war and in 
order to protect the health of its soldiers and also of its citizens, 
set aside the sum of fifty thousand dollars, ($50,000.00), as a 
campaign fund to fight this evil. One hundred fifty (150) wards 
were set aside in the City Hospital for care of the patients and 
men and women are now receiving, in the hospital, the very 
highest scientific treatment that can be provided by physicians 
and nurses. In connection with this the Women's Protective 
League, which has for its object the care of women and girls, 
was given the sum of one thousand dollars, ($1,000.00) a month 
in order to assist them in this great welfare work. Women have 
been engaged, given police power and the streets of Cleveland 
are patroled night and day by women, in the districts where the 
young girls congregate and through the efforts and assistance of 
this league, hundreds of girls have been taken from the streets, 
found employment or sent to their homes outside of the city. 

The Committee furnished the money for the Committee on 
Patriotism and the Four-Mmute Men. This Committee acting 
under the direction of the authorities at Washington was the 
medium for presenting throughout the city in the different 
picture-houses messages that were being sent out by the Presi- 
dent and the Members of his Cabinet, in regard to the essential 
conduct of the war. It participated in all the campaigns of the 
Liberty Loans, Red Cross, War Chest and other activities. Two 
hundred fifty (250) men and women speakers volunteered their 



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Selective Service .Men on Way to Train 



CLEVELAND'S WAR ACTIVITIES 

services and spoke almost nightly in one hundred and thirty 
(130) theaters. It is estimated that during these campaigns the 
different messages sent out by the authorities at Washington 
were presented to a million and a half people. 

The Committee financed three boys' camps which were es- 
tablished in the country where city boys were given the benefit 
of life in the country and the farmers the benefit of their services 
in farm work. These boys lived in camps under a director who 
watched over their health and comfort. The boys were sent out 
to the farms in the immediate neighborhood for the purpose of 
helping the farmers husband the.\r crops and were a great help 
to the farmers especially in the truck and berry gardens ad- 
jacent to the city. 

As the Government allotment for the Draft Board in the 
Central Armory was insufficient to meet the expense of running 
the armory, the trustees of the armory decided to close it. The 
Mayor's Advisory War Board, in order to preserve the quarters 
for the eleven (11) Draft Boards occupying the armory and 
which was also used for the reception of the soldiers, took over 
the Central Armory from the Board of Trustees, agreeing to pay 
all the running expenses. This amounts to about one thousand 
dollars a month. 

The Committee through the Welfare Federation furnished a 
Community Home at 2352 E. 40th Street for the colored soldiers. 
Reading and writing rooms, card, smoking and recreation rooms 
were provided. A number of rooms were set aside for sleeping 
apartments; meals are furnished and forty (40) men can be 
taken care of at one time. It is proposed that this Community 
Home shall be a center where soldier boys and their friends may 
meet any day or evening. 

Four thousand (4,000) tons of coal were purchased by the 
Committee for the purpose of selling it in half ton or one ton 
lots at cost so that the suffering of the people of the city for lack 
of coal, which occurred in the winters of 1917 and 1918, might 
be avoided. This coal was handled by the city administration. 

The Committee gave financial help, sympathy and encour- 
agement to the War Mothers' organization. This organization 
was of the greatest benefit in keeping in touch with the mothers 
of the boys in the service; assisting the mothers in the matters of 
allotments and questions of dependencies regarding the boys 
overseas and getting in communication with those in France and 
in every way extending the greatest help to those who needed 
assistance. 



C LEV E LA N D'S WAR ACTIVITIES 

Resolutions adopted by the Committee urging the Govern- 
ment to provide funds to properly support men of the Army, 
Navy and the Marine Corps after their discharge for the period 
of sixty to ninety (60 to 90) days, were sent to Ohio Senators and 
members of the House of Representatives. This action, no doubt, 
contributed in no small degree to the giving of the bonus of sixty 
dollars to all discharged soldiers, sailors and marines. 

The sum of seven thousand dollars w^as appropriated to 
assist the Y .W. C. A. in the care and protection of the great num- 
ber of young girls who came to Cleveland during the period of 
the war. 

The Committee helped finance the Government Food Bul- 
letin. Under the direction of the Superintendent of Markets this 
bulletin was a great service in stabilizing the price of food. 

The Committee, being informed that a number of children 
in the City Hospital were sons and daughters of men in the 
service, provided clothes, shoes, etc., for these little ones and 
gave each of them a Christmas gift. 

The Committee, recognizing the very dangerous character 
of the influenza epidemic, provided one hundred fifty nurses for 
hospital service. 

The Committee financed the campaign for enlistments in 
the motor and aero service. 





Victory Night on Public Square 



CLEVELAND'S WAR ACTIVITIES 



p 



EACE came more quickly than 

A T tf^r^lr JT America expected, and its problems 

ir\. L^%J%Jj\. ^PP very likely to prove more vex- 

AVkCkorl "^S than those of war. Transition from 

i^llCilil ^r^p ^Q peace, indeed, is sure to be far 

more difficult than from peace to war. 
Already the Mayor's Advisory War com- 
mittee is planning for this transition, and it undertakes to facili- 
tate, so far as Cleveland is concerned, that re-adjustment and 
reconstruction which, today, are the biggest tasks confronting 
the nation. 

First of its obligations is that to the returned soldier. The 
splendid services they have rendered, the sacrifices they have 
made, entitle them to the grateful appreciation of their Country- 
men and to every aid and consideration. The soldier must be re- 
turned, with a minimum of inconvenience, to the industry for 
which his abilities and his inclination best fit him, and the May- 
or's Advisory War committee keeping in touch with all indus- 
trial and manufacturing plants and business houses is co-oper- 
ating with the Federal employment bureau in obtaining positions 
for all returning soldiers. The war worker whose past 
}jerformance has deserved well of the community and the 
country must be directed into that work where his efTorts and 
his training will be most productive. 

The Mayor's Advisory War committee has aroused Cleve- 
land to a sense of its obligation and responsibility to the strangers 
within its gates. 

The work of Americanization has only been begun. It must 
be extended and developed. 

It must continue to serve those new Americans, of foreign 
birth or immediate foreign extraction who have shown their de- 
votion to America. It is to introduce these people to themselves, 
and to those whose fathers have been longer in the land. It 
undertakes to arouse in them a true community spirit, for with- 
out that they can never be truly assimilated. It undertakes, at 
the same time, to arouse similar spirit among those of native 
stock, who have for too long neglected their opportunity and 
shirked their obligation for work along this line. 

The committee, by its financial support, has made possible 
the first comprehensive and thorough-going housing survey in 
Cleveland's history, and the development, therefrom, of a Homes 
Registration Service, under national supervision, which simpli- 



CLEVELAND'S WAR ACTIVITIES 

fies the lodging problem of the clerk and the factory worker. 
There is reason to believe that the nation will not permit this 
system to lapse, but, in any event, the Mayor's Advisory War 
committee will not let Cleveland lose what it has gained. The 
data obtained by the housing survey will be used to the full, and 
the bringing together of the worker and the landlord will be 
facilitated in Cleveland henceforth. 

The problem of Cleveland's fuel supply is one which de- 
mands immediate attention. Unless it is solved, the city's hous- 
ing problem cannot be solved, nor can its industries be assured 
that normal development upon which the success of any business 
reconstruction program must be based. The Mayor's Advisory 
War committee will interest itself in this. 

Cleveland cannot assail its reconstruction and re-adjustment 
work without financial relief. The Advisory War committee 
has assumed the burden of maintaining the city's social agencies, 
as a war measure, but it can hardly continue in this work in- 
definitely. If such work is to continue, the city must be enabled 
to handle it upon some reasonable basis. The Mayor's Advisory 
War committee is to undertake to find some solution for this 
particularly vexing question. The prestige of its membership, 
the fact that it has made itself a clearing house for every kind 
of municipal activity in war time, will justify any effort along 
this line, and make it more effective. 

The Mayor's Advisory War committee also is undertaking 
a study of occupational disease, particularly as it concerns Cleve- 
land, as a part of its reconstruction program, the whole aim of 
which is to make the city a better place to live in. It is busy with 
the rent question, now especially acute since the rush of war 
work and the scarcity of building materials has prevented the 
normal growth of Cleveland's housing accommodations. It is 
making sure, too, that the vacant lot gardening movement in the 
city does not die for want of encouragement. 

But the War committee's greatest work in the next months 
is to be along the line of co-ordinating the efforts and the thought 
of civic organizations which have not made the most of their 
opportunities. 

Cleveland is full of organizations, associations and societies 
which are working out their pet problems, and neglecting those 
of their neighbors. The Mayor's committee has met with much 
success in bringing these groups of citizens together for genuine 



C^LE VE LAN D*S WAR ACTIVITIES 

public service, but the work is not yet completed. Now it plans 
to bring together in harmonious endeavor for Cleveland the 
leaders of a score of organizations, and to interest them in the 
consideration not only of civic problems but also of those which 
concern themselves with the establishment and growth of the 
city's prestige, its industrial well-being, and its foreign trade 
possibilities. 

It hopes, indeed, by drafting the services of these bodies, to 
work out a systematic scheme for directing into useful channels 
the efficiency and the enthusiasm which characterizes them. The 
Mayor's Advisory War committee is the one organization in 
Cleveland which can weld these groups of workers together. If 
its plan succeeds, Cleveland must profit tremendously through 
their concerted efforts. 




CLEVELAND'S WAR ACTIVITIES 



MAYOR'S ADVISORY WAR COMMITTEE 

HON. HARRY L. DAVIS, Mayor 

Cleveland, April 1, 1919. 

FINANCIAL STATEMENT 
From April 1, 1917, to April 1, 1919 

Receipts 
Cash — 

Red Cross $150,000.00 

Cleveland War Council 125,000.00 

Interest 1,620.68 

Contributions 120.50 

Fees from Students 37.00 

Sales — 

Potatoes and Buckwheat....$ll,322.76 

Blankets 1,810.50 

Tractors 900.00 

Coal 4,200.00 

Supplies 427.53 

Office Furniture 317.00 

Boys' Camp Equipment 62.00 

Cook Books 1,108.22 

Bulletin Boards 176.00 

Buttons 14.35 

Pamphlets 20.63 

Fertilizer 1,339.75 

Plowing Fees 643.00 22,353.74 

Total Receipts ..$299,119.72 

Total Expenditures -. 286,289.30 

Cash Balance .. .-. -. . $ 12,830.42 



CLEVELAND'S WAR ACTIVITIES 



MAYOR'S ADVISORY WAR COMMITTEE 
Statement from April 1, 1917, to April 1, 1919 

Appropriations Expenditures Balance 
Advertising for Recruiting Men for Motor & Aero 

Service $ 604.38 .? 592.13 $ 12.25 

Americanization Committee 37,450.00 29,053.92 8,396.02 

American Protective League 17,500.00 17,446.87 55.13 

Bastile Day 503.85 503.85 

Boys' Camps 3,100.00 2,398.15 701.85 

Bureau of Markets 1,000.00 1,000.00 

Campaign for Control of Venereal Diseases 50,000.00 2,291.42 47,708.58 

Central Armory 1,988.28 1,988.28 

Chamber of Commerce — Housing and Sanitation. 5,110.52 5,110.52 

City of Cleveland for Aero Mail Service Landing. 10,000.00 10,000.00 

Cleveland Children's Year Committee 15,000.00 10,786.34 4,213.66 

Cleveland Labor Employers 37.20 37.20 

Cleveland League of Nursing Education 3,170.00 3,170.00 

Cleveland War Service Record 7,012.75 3,500.85 3,511.90 

Community Home Centers — Board of Education.. 5,000 00 5,000.00 

Food Conservation Committee (North) 13,965.88 13,895.70 70.18 

County Draft Board 13,101.90 12,685.33 416.57 

County Food Administration 18,284.00 17,898.28 385.72 

County Food Commissioners (Dunham) 25,000.00 23,543.15 *1,456.85 

Cuyahoga County Federal Housing Bureau — 

Housing Survev 5,000.00 4,904.71 95.29 

Federal Rental Adjustment Board 942.60 942.60 

U. S. Homes Registration Bureau 2,773.42 2,773.42 

Cuyahoga Co. Non-War Construction Committee.. 35.64 35.64 

Cuyahoga County War Service League 1,000.00 911.00 89.00 

Emergency Coal Pile 19,765.42 19,765.42 

Executive Committee of Legal Advisory Board... 52.98 52.98 

Flag Day Celebration— Juno 14, 1918 3,500.00 3,484.72 15.28 

General "omce and Administrative 29,586.05 29,586.05 

Liberty Row Memorial 4,500.00 4,356.05 143.95 

Military Committee 35,449.50 21,789.37 13,660.13 

Military Hospital Committee 600.62 606.62 

Military Training Camp Association 2,500.00 1,017.53 1,482.47 

Patriotism Committee 2,716.56 2,556.87 159.69 

Prevention of Waste Committee 156.00 

Provo-Marshall General 1,385.02 1,385.02 

Publicitv Committee 60.00 60.00 

Scholarship Fund for Pupil Nurses 2,500.00 1,075.00 1,425.00 

War Garden 20,000.00 12,933.89 7,066.11 

War Mothers of America 1,000.00 770.79 229.21 

War Service Committee of Amer. Library Ass'n.. 500.00 489.48 * 10.52 

Women's Committee 19,600.00 19,015.55 584.45 

Women's Protective Association 3,000.00 1,218.54 1,781.46 

Christmas Gifts and Clothing for Children at 

City Hospital 500.00 500.00 •••„—aa 

Young Women's Christian Association 7,000.00 i'SSSnS 

U. S. Employment Service. .' 4,333.33 ^,333.33 

$396,291.90 $286,289.30 $110,004.60 

* 1,467.37 



Balance not used returned to General Fund 



5108,537.23 



020 934 179 8 



HARRIS 

PFUNTING ENGfeWTOG OS 
CLEVEU\ND 



' LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



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